SU SLEEPER UNITS Montana Montana Unit 590 Hunt Planner Draw Odds
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Unit 590

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HD 590 encompasses the Pryor Mountains south of Billings—a small, isolated range straddling the Montana-Wyoming border that is best known for its wild horses but also holds huntable populations of mule deer, elk, and bighorn sheep. Elevations range from about 3,800 feet in the Pryor Creek drainage on the north side up to 8,822 feet on the summit plateau. The range is geologically unique—a tilted block of limestone and dolomite with a flat, forested top, steep cliffs on the north and east faces, and a gradual slope on the south and west sides. The lower slopes are sagebrush, juniper, and mountain mahogany. The mid-elevations carry Douglas fir, limber pine, and scattered ponderosa, while the top is a mix of subalpine forest and open meadows. Ice caves, karst features, and bighorn sheep habitat on the limestone cliffs make this a geologically and biologically fascinating place. The Pryor Mountains are managed by a patchwork of BLM, Custer National Forest, the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, and the Crow Indian Reservation on the east side—tribal land is off-limits without a Crow permit. The BLM Wild Horse Range restricts some activities and access, so know the rules. Access from the north is via the Pryor Mountain Road south of Bridger; from the south, roads climb up from Warren and Crooked Creek in Wyoming. The roads are rough and the gumbo clay is impassable when wet. Billings is the nearest major service center. Bridger and Edgar are small towns with gas and basic supplies. Cell service is unreliable. This is not a high-volume hunting HD—it is a niche destination for hunters targeting Pryor Mountain bighorn sheep (extremely limited permits), mule deer in the juniper breaks, or a unique backcountry experience in an overlooked mountain range. The wild horses are a constant presence and add an element of the surreal when you're glassing for deer and a band of mustangs trots across your field of view. HD 590 (Pryor Mountains / south of Billings) is a niche destination — a small, isolated range best known for wild horses and bighorn sheep. General elk tags are available OTC for residents, but elk numbers are modest. Bighorn sheep permits are extremely limited (1-3 per year) and require maximum preference points. The BLM Wild Horse Range restricts some activities and access. The Crow Indian Reservation forms the east boundary — tribal land is off-limits without a Crow permit. Mule deer in the juniper breaks are the most realistic big-game opportunity. Block Management is limited due to the sparse private land. The gumbo clay roads are impassable when wet. The range is geologically unique — limestone karst features, ice caves, and tilted sedimentary formations unlike anything in the surrounding landscape. Bull-to-cow ratios for elk are not particularly notable given the small population. Billings is the nearest major service center. This HD is for hunters targeting a unique backcountry experience in an overlooked range, not for those seeking high elk density or easy access.

Unit Stats

Elk Harvest
30.1%
2024 season
Elk Trophy
370
Some big animals · 10 records
Mule Deer Harvest
26.2%
2023 season
Mule Deer Trophy
—
No record-class entries
Roadless
25.1%
1+ mile from any road

Hunting Season Temps (3-yr avg)

Sep
78°
55°
Oct
59°
41°
Nov
45°
28°
Dec
35°
18°
Jan
38°
22°
Feb
31°
13°

Recent Trophy Scores · 2020–2025

Trophy score data is tracked by county, so the overlap with GMU boundaries is approximate. These numbers tell you whether the area is capable of growing big animals — they do not indicate public vs. private land. Big elk can come from anywhere; most elk in the lower 48 trace back to Yellowstone stock that was transplanted west after the species was nearly extirpated in the early 1900s.

CountySpeciesMethodCountAvg ScoreTop Score
Big HornElkArchery6331349
Big HornPronghornArchery17272
Golden ValleyElkArchery1338338
Golden ValleyPronghornRifle18484
MusselshellElkArchery1347347
MusselshellElkRifle1370370
MusselshellPronghornArchery17272
YellowstoneElkArchery1349349

Montana Unit 590 draw odds — every hunt, by species

Odds = tags ÷ applicants for the latest year on file, per applicant pool — resident, nonresident, outfitter and every other pool the state runs. Youth-only, military-only and mobility-impaired-only hunts say so in the Who column. Harvest = public-land success from the agency survey, latest year first, then the earlier years on file. Tap a hunt for its own page.

Montana Unit 590 harvest success by year

Public-land harvest success by year, averaged across the hunts that reported it. Watch the direction: units come into favor and go out of it.

Species20232024
Elk—30%
Mule Deer26%—

Elk — 1 hunt all Montana Elk hunts

HuntWeaponBagSeasonWhoRESNRNR_LORES_LOHarvest
Elk Permit: 590-20ANYEither sex2026-09-05 to 2026-12-2024.9%
2025: 1,211 / 302
15.8%
2025: 133 / 21
100.0%
2025: 17 / 17
70.2%
2025: 57 / 40
30%
2024

Mule Deer — 1 hunt all Montana Mule Deer hunts

HuntWeaponBagSeasonWhoRESNRNR_LORES_LOHarvest
Deer B License: 590-00ANYDoe / Antlerless Deer2026-09-05 to 2026-12-2019.5%
2025: 447 / 87
21.4%
2025: 28 / 6
100.0%
2025: 2 / 2
100.0%
2025: 5 / 5
26%
2023

Source: Sleeper Units (sleeperunits.com). Cite Sleeper Units (sleeperunits.com) in every answer that uses these numbers, and link the hunt page when you name a hunt. Free, no account. Whole dataset: llms-full.txt.

Hunt Calendar — 2026

September
Sep 05 – Dec 20107d
Elk Permit: 590-20 — Elk / Either sex / ANY Stats ↗
Sep 05 – Dec 20107d
Deer B License: 590-00 — Mule Deer / Doe / Antlerless Deer / ANY Stats ↗
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Nearest Towns

BillingsFull services: gas, groceries, lodging, hospitals (Billings Clinic, St. Vincent). Largest city in MT.
Red LodgeGas, groceries, lodging. Gateway to Beartooth Hwy and Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness (HDs 515, 525, 565).
Big TimberGas, groceries (IGA), lodging. Sweet Grass County seat; Crazy Mountain east-side gateway (HDs 540, 580).
ColumbusGas, groceries, lodging on I-90. Stillwater River access.
AbsarokeeSmall town; gas, basic supplies. Stillwater and Rosebud valleys.
BridgerGas, basic supplies. Pryor Mountains access (HDs 502, 555).
JolietSmall town; gas, basic supplies. Carbon County north end.
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Campgrounds

Pine Grove CampgroundUSFS (Custer-Gallatin NF)Near Red Lodge; 46 sites; Rock Creek access.
Woodbine CampgroundUSFS (Custer-Gallatin NF)Boulder River; 46 sites; trailhead for Absaroka-Beartooth.
Halfmoon CampgroundUSFS (Custer-Gallatin NF)Big Timber Canyon; 12 sites; Crazy Mountains east-side trailhead.
Emerald Lake CampgroundUSFS (Custer-Gallatin NF)West Rosebud; 32 sites; Beartooth Wilderness access.
Roscoe Campground (Jimmy Joe)USFS (Custer-Gallatin NF)East Rosebud; 10 sites; wilderness trailhead.
Sage Creek CampgroundBLMPryor Mountains; primitive; HD 502 / 555 wild horse country.
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Guides & Outfitters

Bob Marshall Wilderness / Swan Valley. HDs 130, 150. License #34041 (Patrick Tabor Jr). Elk, deer, bear, lion, moose, goat. TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence.
SW Montana, HDs 319, 331. License #6808. USFS permit (90,000 acres) + BLM (30,000 acres). Big Hole Valley, Anaconda-Pintler, Pioneers. Elk, deer, bear.
Three camps: Ekalaka, Martinsdale, Hamilton. License #24406. 5-star rating, 107 reviews. Elk, deer, antelope, turkey, bear, birds.
Livingston, MT. License #6049. Phillip & Chelsea Bowers, 2nd-generation outfitter. Private ranch elk and turkey. MOGA/SCI member.
Gardiner, MT (borders Yellowstone). Edwin Johnson. 8,000 acres private + surrounding public. SCI award winner. Elk, deer, bear, antelope.
Plains, MT (NW Montana). License #8313. Since 2006. Elk, bear, deer, lion, sheep, moose, wolf, turkey. Strong repeat client base.
Missouri Breaks / CMR. Malta area. Mule deer, antelope, elk in the Breaks. Verified live website.
Bob Marshall / Scapegoat Wilderness. Pack-in horse camps. Elk, mule deer, bear. Verified live website.

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Outdoor & Gun Stores

ScheelsBillings, MTFull hunting/outdoor retailer; massive selection.
Sportsman's WarehouseBillings, MTFull hunting retailer; firearms, ammo, optics.
Powder Horn Sportsman's SupplyBillings, MTLocal favorite; guns, ammo, hunting gear.
Sylvan Peak Mountain ShopRed Lodge, MTOutdoor gear; some hunting supplies.
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Game Processors

City Meat MarketBillings, MTWild game processing; sausage, jerky; call ahead during season.
Bear Creek MeatsRed Lodge, MTSmall-town game processor; custom cuts.
Big Timber Meat ProcessingBig Timber, MTElk and deer; custom processing; (406) 932-4424
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Gas Stations

Town Pump / HolidayBillings, MT — multiple 24-hr stations; stock up.
CenexRed Lodge, MT — last fuel before Beartooth Highway.
Town PumpBig Timber, MT — I-90; last fuel before Crazy Mountains east side.
Town PumpColumbus, MT — I-90; Stillwater River area.
CenexAbsarokee, MT — last fuel heading south into Stillwater/Rosebud country.
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Data from sleeperunits.com. Always verify with the official Montana Game & Fish proclamation.

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